S ECM SDS-PAGE experiment. The proteomic analysis was carried out at the proteomics facility UCM-PCM, a member of the ProteoRed network. The polysaccharide analysis was performed at the Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, UFRJ, Brazil. F io Faria-Oliveira was supported by a PhD scholarship SFRH/BD/45368/2008 from FCT (Funda o para a Ci cia e a Tecnologia). This work was funded by Marie Curie Initial Training Network GLYCOPHARM (PITN-GA-2012-317297), and by FCT/MEC through Portuguese funds (PIDDAC) PEst-OE/BIA/UI4050/2014. The authors would also like to acknowledge Hugh S. Johnson for critical reading of the manuscript regarding English usage. Author details 1 CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. 2Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro/ Polo de Maca? Maca? Brazil. 3 Unidad de Prote ica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid ?Parque Cient ico de PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15501003 Madrid UCM-PCM), Madrid, Spain. 4Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 5 Departamento de Microbiolog II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. Received: 20 May 2014 Accepted: 9 September4.5.6. 7.8. 9. 10.11. 12. 13. 14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25. References 1. Nelson DL, Cox MM: Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry. New York: W. H. Freeman; 2008. 2. Esko JD, Kimata K, Lindahl U: Proteoglycans and sulfated glycosaminoglycans. In Essentials of Glycobiology. 2nd edition. Edited by Varki A, Cummings RD, Esko JD, Freeze HH, Stanley P, Bertozzi CR, Hart GW, Etzler ME. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 2009:229?48. 3. Schaefer L, Schaefer RM: Proteoglycans: from structural compounds to signaling molecules. Cell Tissue Res 2010, 339(1):237?46.26.27. 28.Engelberg D, Mimran A, Martinetto H, Otto J, Simchen G, Karin M, Fink GR: Multicellular stalk-like structures in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Bacteriol 1998, 180(15):3992?996. Scherz R, Shinder V, Engelberg D: Anatomical analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae stalk-like structures reveals spatial organization and cell specialization. J Bacteriol 2001, 183(18):5402?413. Reynolds TB, Fink GR: Bakers' yeast, a model for fungal biofilm formation. Science 2001, 291(5505):878?81. Reynolds TB, Jansen A, Peng X, Fink GR: Mat formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires nutrient and pH gradients. Eukaryot Cell 2008, 7(1):122?30. C M, V hov?L, Palkov?Z: How to survive within a yeast colony?: change metabolism or cope with stress? Commun Integr Biol 2010, 3(2):198?00. Palkov?Z, V hov?L: Life within a community: benefit to yeast long-term survival. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2006, 30(5):806?24. Vachov?L, C M, Palkov?Z: Yeast colonies: a model for studies of aging, environmental adaptation, and longevity. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2012, 2012(1):601836. Sutherland I: Biofilm exopolysaccharides: a strong and sticky framework. Microbiology 2001, 147(Pt 1):3?. Lal P, Sharma D, Pruthi P, Pruthi V: Exopolysaccharide analysis of biofilm-forming Capecitabine Candida albicans. J Appl Microbiol 2010, 109(1):128?36. Nobile CJ, Mitchell AP: Microbial biofilms: e pluribus unum. Curr Biol 2007, 17(10):R349 353. Kuthan M, Devaux F, Janderova B, Slaninova I, Jacq C, Palkov?Z: Domestication of wild Saccharomyces cerevisiae is accompanied b.